This project seeks to improve methods of analysis of lignins recovered from different biorefinery streams; hot-water extracts of lignocellulosic biomass (Angiosperms). With the goal of increasing lignin purity and uniformity, different fractionation procedures will also be explored. Protocols for purification and characterization of biorefinery lignin will be suggested to open pathways for lignin use in the production of improved fuel pellets and/or activated carbon. In collaboration with Art Stipanovic.